The relevance of the topic is determined by need to deepen and describe functioning inhomogeneous French language in French-speaking cantons Switzerland using specific lexical material. analysis intra extralinguistic influences their reflection Franco-Swiss literary version important for contact linguistics, its due lack depth this issue. analyst particularly interested fact that Switzerland, e...

“ba:y?d” as a persian lexeme is interwoven with modality, a semantic category and therefore has a complicated and thought- provoking semantic nature. this paper uses evidence from persian to investigate the usage of this lexeme and some of its semantic and pragmatic aspects in this language. the results indicate that this lexical category can convey a wide range of modal meanings in different c...

The article touches upon different aspects of promise – as a speech act, means communication. theme is analysed in its relation to various areas philosophical studies: the problem subject’s identity, society system interpersonal interactions, performative utterances and etc. methodological basis includes primarily act theory developed by J. Austin Searle’s speech-act theory, genetically related...

abstract the word science has gone through semantic change in different historical periods and in relation to the cultural and social circumstances of the time and thus has been used in various senses. a semantic study of word in the pre- and post-islamic eras will reveal that the word has been used in different and even opposite senses. this means that, in the age of ignorance (pre-islamic era...